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Six Types of Training and Development Strategies
1.On-the-job Training and Lectures
The 2 most incessantly used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, although little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It is often unattainable to show someone everything she must know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training typically supplements different kinds of training, e.g., classroom or off-site training; but on-the-job training is incessantly the only type of training. It's often informal, which means, unfortunately, that the trainer doesn't concentrate on the training as much as she should, and the trainer may not have a well-articulated image of what the novice needs to learn.
On-the-job training just isn't profitable when used to keep away from creating a training program, though it may be an effective a part of a well-coordinated training program.
Lectures are used because of their low cost and their capacity to succeed in many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication versus interactive learning strategies, are much criticized as a training device.
2. Programmed Instruction (PI)
These units systematically present information to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement rules to promote appropriate responses. When PI was originally developed within the Fifties, it was considered useful only for primary subjects. Right this moment the strategy is used for skills as numerous as air visitors management, blueprint reading, and the evaluation of tax returns.
3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
With CAI, students can learn at their own pace, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the pc, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Instructional alternate options will be quickly selected to suit the student's capabilities, and efficiency might be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance.
4. Audiovisual Methods
Both television and film prolong the range of skills that can be taught and the way info may be presented. Many systems have digital blackboards and slide projection equipment. The use of techniques that combine audiovisual systems akin to closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new term for this type of training, teletraining. The feature on " Sesame Street " illustrates the design and analysis of one in all television's favorite children's program as a training device.
5. Simulations
Training simulations replicate the essential traits of the real world which are essential to produce each learning and the transfer of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Both machine and different types of simulators exist. Machine simulators typically have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that is, they characterize the real world's operational equipment. The main function of simulation, nevertheless, is to produce psychological fidelity, that is, to reproduce within the training these processes that shall be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, together with to control the training atmosphere, for safety, to introduce feedback and different learning rules, and to reduce cost.
6. Enterprise games
They are the direct progeny of war games which were used to train officers in fight strategies for hundreds of years. Virtually all early enterprise games were designed to teach primary business skills, but more recent games additionally embrace interpersonal skills. Monopoly might be considered the quintessential business game for younger capitalists. It's probably the first place children discovered the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail.
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